Sustainable development of mining and mineral processing industry

the basic spillover is fixed; The mining and mineral processing industry gradually changed from developing in breadth to developing in depth; Regulations on collecting money for granting mining rights have come into reality. Mining activities have created jobs for tens of thousands of workers, making an important contribution to the annual state budget revenue. However, it is also necessary to quickly build mechanisms for management, protection, exploitation and use of minerals in a reasonable, economical, highly effective manner, meeting the needs of sustainable economic development. - society, ensuring national defense and security and protecting the environment.

Actual situation of mineral activities and mining industry

At present, mechanisms and policies are strong enough for mineral activities to develop with the concretization in the direction of using advanced, modern and environmentally friendly technologies; State management over mineral exploration, exploitation, processing, use and export has been strengthened.

The goal of increasing the proportion of the mining industry is to continue to increase, forming a number of mining and deep processing industries such as refining, petrochemicals, iron and steel, copper, lead-zinc, fertilizers, chemicals, and processing. rare metals. The management and collection of natural resources tax has been implemented since 1991 and has achieved certain results, contributing to increasing state budget revenue, especially oil and gas.

Revenue from royalties mainly comes from crude oil and natural gas extracted from oil and gas contracts, accounting for 82% to 83% of total royalties. The amount of domestic resource tax accounted for about 16-17% of the total state budget revenue, contributing to strengthening the management of natural resources, encouraging the protection, exploitation, rational, economical and efficient use of natural resources. . The inspection and examination of mineral activities are carried out synchronously, regularly and continuously by relevant ministries and sectors in coordination with local authorities.

However, reality also shows that, in the past two decades, many types of minerals in Vietnam have been exploited on a large scale and are in danger of being depleted. As of early 2016, the whole country had about 450 mineral mining mines managed and exploited by the State but brought in less than 3.5% of GDP.

The situation of loss, waste, inefficiency and serious environmental pollution occurs frequently in most mineral mining projects, due to the formulation and implementation of plannings, plans and investment decisions. the project lacks basis, has not taken into account the costs and benefits in terms of society and environment.

Many localities are too focused on economic development, so the indiscriminate mining of minerals causes environmental degradation and unbalance the ecosystem, especially the activities of coal and metal ore mines. types and construction materials of small and private enterprises.

Currently, most of the mines being exploited are located in the mountainous and midland areas, along with the current mining technology is not reasonable, especially for metals, so the level of pollution, environmental degradation, destruction of forests, destruction of the ground, pollution of water sources, arable land, air... thereby greatly affecting the activities of other economic sectors.

Besides, small-scale mining and mineral processing activities are taking place quite popularly. Currently, Vietnam has about 170 enterprises operating in the field of minerals. Due to the limited investment capital of enterprises, manual exploitation, semi-mechanization, outdated technology and profit-driven, the sense of law observance is not high, so business owners pay little attention to the work. environmental protection, labor safety, protection of mineral resources, leaving many negative consequences to the environment.

The project time is long, administrative procedures are troublesome and go through many stages; The capacity of contractors and consultants is still limited. Most of the mines are operating with production output much lower than the licensed production, operating in non-compliance with the project, design and environmental impact assessment report, or approved commitment.

In metal mining, the most obvious impact is the destruction of the ground, greatly affecting forests and vegetation. The exploitation of construction materials, raw materials for fertilizer production and chemicals such as limestone causes serious air and water pollution. It can be said that due to the massive development but lack of planning, outdated technology and the work of inspection, examination and supervision in the field of mineral exploration, extraction and processing is still limited, leading to Environmental pollution is increasing in many localities

Some suggestions

In order to implement Resolution No. 02-NQ/TW dated April 25, 2011 of the Politburo "on strategic orientation of minerals and mining industry to 2020, vision to 2030" and Decision No. 2427/QD-TTg dated December 22, 2011 of the Prime Minister approving the "Mineral Strategy to 2020, with a vision to 2030" with the goal of increasing the proportion of the mining industry in GDP from about 10 % now to 15-20% in 2020 and continue to increase in the following years; Increase the proportion of mining industry in industrial production; To form and develop a number of large-scale mining and processing industries in the region, in the coming time, it is necessary to pay attention to the following issues:

On the management side

Firstly,  continue to follow the objectives of Resolution No. 02-NQ/TW of the Politburo on strategic orientations of minerals and mining industry to 2020, vision to 2030. Accordingly, deploy policies to encourage the development of mineral activities and the mining industry through the expansion of specific rights to mobilize capital for socialization; To encourage economical, efficient and economical exploitation, using advanced, modern and environmentally friendly technologies; Strengthening the management and licensing of exploitation and trading of mineral resources, selecting qualified and potential investors to exploit and process natural resources; Consolidate the state management apparatus by strengthening human resources, investing in facilities and equipment, and coordinating among branches and levels in the state management of exploration, exploitation and processing. , transportation, consumption and export of minerals...

Second, to overcome and limit the problem of environmental pollution in mining and mineral processing, and at the same time further improve state management in the coming time. Urgently review the functions, tasks, powers and organizational structure of relevant ministries in the direction of assigning specific responsibilities, concentrating on unified management of the national focal point, and overcoming the fragmentation and overlap cross on environmental protection tasks; Strengthen the capacity of environmental management at all levels, especially focusing on district, district, commune and ward levels; Continue to review regulations on deposit for environmental restoration in mineral mining activities in the direction of specific regulations on norms in environmental rehabilitation and restoration; Clarifying plans and responsibilities for environmental renovation and restoration of organizations and individuals engaged in mineral mining and processing activities...

Third, to step up inspection, examination and supervision in mining and mineral processing activities. Strengthen coordination in the inspection and examination of the mineral and environmental sectors in inspecting and certifying the completion of each part of the environmental restoration work during the mining process. There is a mechanism to manage, supervise, inspect and examine the licensing of exploitation and rational use of natural resources to avoid waste and environmental impacts as at present. Improve the quality of inspection and acceptance of the mine closure project. Strengthen the management of the output of exploited resources from the licensing stage, to the process of organizing the exploitation and consumption to prevent loss and evasion of taxable output.

Fourthly, it is necessary to study and perfect the policy on collection of natural resources tax to ensure reasonable regulation into the state budget of profits from mineral exploitation. Research to add some types of resources with high economic value to taxable objects.

It is proposed to agree that the person permitted to exploit natural resources must pay tax according to the provisions of the Law on Natural Resources Tax. If small-scale mining cannot pay tax, collectors must pay instead, ensuring that the right exploiters are taxpayers, strengthening management, avoiding tax...

Fifth,  promote the training of human resources for the sustainable development of the mining industry. Accordingly, training institutions need to enhance the effectiveness of human resource training; Establish a network of specialized training institutions to enhance cooperation in training, scientific research and technology transfer; Equip students with a systematic, modern specialized theoretical background and professional and professional skills; There should be a close coordination mechanism between management agencies, training institutions and units, organizations and enterprises using human resources in the fields of geology and minerals; Units using human resources and schools should promote the mechanism of ordering training; Close coordination between training schools and production units to successfully complete the task of training professional skills and professions while students are still at school through production and practical internships. graduation practice...

On the side of mining enterprises

Firstly, all organizations and individuals involved in mineral extraction activities must make environmental renovation and restoration projects and submit them to competent agencies for consideration and approval. The implementation of environmental renovation and restoration is carried out right in the process of mineral extraction.

Environmental improvement and restoration must ensure that the environment and ecosystems in the mining area and the area affected by mining activities return to the original environmental state or achieve the same conditions as before. standards and regulations on environmental safety, ensuring safety and serving purposes beneficial to humans.

Limit loss of resources and negative impacts on the environment during exploration, exploitation and processing; Detailed investigation, planning for mining and mineral processing, Increasing investment of financial resources for the treatment of pollutants arising in the process of mining and using minerals such as: Anti-dust treatment, anti-poison, wastewater treatment, construction planning of waste dumps...

Secondly, enterprises need to promote research and transfer of advanced, environmentally friendly mineral processing technology, create high economic value, research technology to exploit mines with complex and limited conditions. Currently, the capital demand for modernizing technology is large, so there are still many enterprises, especially in the field of coal and solid minerals, which have outdated technology, equipment, and production costs. high, with great loss of resources, but have not paid due attention or have not had the conditions to innovate and modernize technology.